【本段跳过】珍珠粉本身就具有美白的功效，也可以消除痘印。而且植物護膚品護膚見效時間相對慢一些，本身植物護膚就是一個緩慢長期的調理肌膚的過程，需要長期使用纔能見到效果。我們的臉一整天都是在空氣的污染中渡過，就算是在室內也有小量的灰塵撲在我們的臉部上，特別是毛孔粗大，臉部出油較多的，更加要注意隨時隨地給肌膚進行補水【本段跳过】
KOLLMORGEN AK系列伺服电机AKM42E-EKGNR-01、AKM33H-ANCNDA-00、AKI-CDA-MOD-10T、AKMH41E-CNANGKOK、AKM24D-CKCN2-00、AKM22E-ENCNR-00、AKM32D-ACMNC-00、AKM23D-ACM2C-00、AKM44E-SSCNR-04、AKM43H-ACD2GF00、AKM33H-GNC2R-00、AKM21E-ENMNDA00、AKM41E-ACCNR-00、AKM22E-BNMN2-00三个定时器都使用一个中断IRQ5。
定时器中断状态寄存器用于确定哪些计时器启动了中断中断状态寄存器是一个通用输入寄存器，位于82C54外部，位于从电源管理基输入/输出地址偏移31h中断状态寄存器地址可以通过首先确定PCI配置基址来找到对于设备ID 7113h和供应商ID 8086h。
电源管理基本输入/输出地址可以通过从此PCI配置地址读取偏移量40h来找到计时器中断状态寄存器位位于电源管理的偏移量31h处基址输入/输出地址，位5、6和7（参见图4-2）从电源管理基本输入/输出地址读取偏移量31h的字节用于获取这些位。
位5、6和7分别对应于计时器2、1和0，为了计时器中断状态寄存器，首先将零（0）写入通用输出寄存器，位于电源管理基座的偏移37h输入/输出地址位3、4和6（不是位3、4和5）然后将1写在相同的重新启用定时器中断状态寄存器的位。
位3、4和6对应于定时器2、1和0分别使用PC/AT的标准程序定时器中断IRQ5有关使用82C54定时器的示例，请参阅附录DVMIVME-7698计时器从500美元开始映射到输入/输出地址空间请参阅表4-1计时器，由三个16位计时器和一个控制字寄存器组成（见图4-4）通过8位数据总线读取/写入。
定时器0、1和2这三个定时器在功能上是等效的因此，只有将描述单个计时器图4-5是计时器的框图每个计时器功能独立尽管控制字显示在计时器块中它不是计时器的一部分，但其内容直接影响计时器的工作方式功能如图4-5所示，当锁存时，状态寄存器包含当前控制字寄存器的内容以及输出和负载的当前状态计数标志（状态字可通过Read Back命令获得，请参阅第59页的“阅读”部分）。
计时器标记为TE（计时器元素）它是一个16位同步可预设向下柜台标记为OLM和OLL的块是8位输出锁存器（OL）下标M和L代表最高有效字节和最低有效字节这些插销通常跟踪TE，但在收到命令时，将锁定并保持当前计数，直到CPU读取计数。
读取锁存计数时，OL寄存器将继续跟踪TE读取OL寄存器时，必须执行两次8位访问以检索计时器的完整16位值，因为一次只启用一个锁存器TE无法读取；从OL寄存器读取计数A single interrupt, IRQ5, is used by all three Timers. A Timer Interrupt Status register。
is provided in order to determine which Timer(s) initiated an interrupt. The interruptstatus register is a general-purpose input register located, external to the 82C54, at
offset 31h from the Power Management base I/O address. The interrupt statusregister address can be found by first determining the PCI Configuration base address
for Device ID 7113h and Vendor ID 8086h. The Power Management base I/O addresscan be found by reading offset 40h from this PCI Configuration address. The Timer
Interrupt Status register bits are located at offset 31h from the Power Managementbase I/O address, bits 5, 6, and 7 (refer to Figure 4-2).A byte read of Offset 31h from the Power Management base I/O address is used to
obtain these bits. Bits 5, 6, and 7 correspond to Timers 2, 1, and 0, respectivelyIn order to clear the Timer Interrupt Status register, first write zeros (0’s) to the
general-purpose output register located at offset 37h of the Power Management baseI/O address bits 3, 4, and 6 (Not bits 3, 4 and 5). Then write ones (1’s) to these same
bits to re-enable the Timer Interrupt Status register. Bits 3, 4, and 6 correspond toTimers 2, 1, and 0, respectivelyThe Timer Interrupts are cleared using the standard procedure for clearing PC/AT
IRQ5. Refer to Appendix D for an example of using the 82C54 timers.The VMIVME-7698 Timers are mapped in I/O address space starting at $500. See
Table 4-1. The Timers, consisting of three 16-bit timers and a Control Word Register(see Figure 4-4) are read from/written to via an 8-bit data bus.The three Timers, Timer 0, 1, and 2, are functionally equivalent. Therefore only a
single Timer will be described. Figure 4-5 is a block diagram of a Timer. Each Timer isfunctionally independent. Although the Control word is shown in the Timer block
diagram, it is not a part of the Timer, but its contents directly affect how the Timer现场运维工单派遣频繁，24小时ON CALL没商量？ABB助力运维法方式升级，从周期性运维到状态运维和预测性运维，预判你的预判，助你成为运筹帷幄的“全知全能”。
AKM41E-EKCNR-00、AKM21E-ENMNEH-00、AKM21E-ENMNEH-00、AKM22E-ANBNR-00、AKM24D-ACBNR-00、AKM23C-BNGNAA-HG、AKM21E-ANMN2-00、AKM22G-ACBNEF-00、AKM42G-BKCN2-01、AKM24C-EFBNR-01、AKM33H-ANCN1-00、AKM33H-ANCN1-00、AKM44G-ANCNDB-01、AKM22E-ACBNR-01、AKM41H-ACCNR-00、AKM32D-GCCMOB-00、AKM24C-ACF2R-00、AKM22C-ACFNR-00、AKM22C-ACFNR-00、AKM24C-ACB2DB-00、AKM24C-ACB2DB-00、AKM54N-ACCNAB-00、AKM22E-ENBNR-01
、AKM22E-EFCNR-00、AKM64P-ANC2AB-01、AKM43G-ACCNR-00、AKM24D-BNCNC-01、AKM32D-ACCN2-01、AKM42J-EKC22-00、AKM21C-ANSNAB-02、AKM21C-ANBN2-00、AKM21C-ANBN2-00、AKM21C-ANBN2-00、AKM24D-ANCNDB-00、AKM24D-ANCNDB-00
ABB从多年环网柜设计、制造和运行经验出发，开发出众多具有针对性的智能监测和诊断算法，用以实现设备由周期性运维到状态运维和预测性运维的转变，从而减少现场运维工单的派遣，节约人力ABB基于真实设备数据的算法开发，大幅提高了监测诊断的准确率，更率先提出了自学习动态阈值的理念，直面设备个体差异，实现阈值的实时调整、自动调整，精准识别判断设备运行状态，让设备运维更省心夏日是度假休憩的季节，如何能顶着炎炎烈日、在设备前稳坐如钟？ABB多样化用户交互手段让你不再苦守现场一卷到底，远程亦可便捷进行信息交互，不被工作束缚远行的步伐，轻松享受盛夏。
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81001-450-53-R当写入该字段时，定时器4在下一次上升时加载写入的值计时器时钟的边缘，无论计时器是启用还是禁用这个存储在该寄存器中的值也会在终端计数时自动重新加载（或超时）读取任一字段时，当前计数值被锁定并返回。
有两种模式确定如何锁定计数，具体取决于WDT控制状态寄存器（CSR2）中的“读取锁存选择”位参见CSR2有关这两种模式的更多信息，请注册说明读取此字段时，当前计数值被锁定并返回有两种模式确定如何锁定计数，具体取决于WDT控制状态寄存器（CSR2）中的“读取锁存选择”位。
参见CSR2有关这两种模式的更多信息，请注册说明定时器4电流计数寄存器（TMRCCR4）定时器4的电流计数可通过定时器4电流计数寄存器读取（TMRCCR4），位于BAR2中地址的偏移量0x28处81001-450-53-R A-B高压变频器模块。
I.中央处理单元(CPU)中央处理单元(CPU)是PLC的控制中枢它按照PLC系统程序赋予的功能接收并存储从编程器输入的用户程序和数据，检查电源、存储器、VO以及警戒定时器的状态，并能诊断用户程序中的语法错误:当PLC投入运行时，首先它以扫描的方式接收现场各输。
入装置的状态和数据，并分别存入IO映像区，然后从用户程序存储器中逐条读取用户程序，经过命令解释后，按指令的规定将逻辑或算术运算的结果送入Vo映像区或数据寄存器内等所有的用户程序执行完毕之后，最后将1/O映像区的各输出状态或输出寄存器内。
的数据传送到相应的输出装置，如此循环运行，直到停止运行为止为了进一步提高PLC的可靠性，近年来对大型PLC还采用双CPU构成冗余系统，或采用三CPU的表决式系统这样，即使某个CPU出现故障，整个系统仍能正常运行。
2.存储器存放系统软件的存储器称为系统程序存储器(1) PLC常用的存储器类型1) RAM (Random Assess Memory)这是-一种读/写存储器(随机存储器)其存取速度最快，由铿电池支持
【本段跳过】洧浐泩層佽能劦哋結媾財料，葰媦洧層佽哋結媾財料湜栺菘饼媔團茬懆枞溡湏姺茬搅柈恏哋媔團狆倣琎悢哆悢哆洧規荝層佽哋怞脂，層層哋怞脂啝層層哋媔怶沍楿隔蕝，形荿洧規荝哋媔怶啝怞脂哋層佽茬琎爐烘栲辤慹後浍浐泩楿辅莋鼡，渞姺濕媔荕禸哋渁妢辤慹洏浐渁汽胀劦，芐層媔怶葰浐哋渁汽壓劦胀起仩層哋媔怶，畩泚①層①層豩渐萇汏，朂後層玙層禸哋怞脂辤慹洏嫆囮、椮透孒媔荕と禸掫笩厡姺哋渁汾，使烸①層哋媔怶變荿叒菘叒酥哋，朂後荿潙①個妸囗洏膨菘哋菘饼【本段跳过】
KOLLMORGEN AK系列伺服电机AKM42E-EKGNR-01、AKM33H-ANCNDA-00、AKI-CDA-MOD-10T、AKMH41E-CNANGKOK、AKM24D-CKCN2-00、AKM22E-ENCNR-00、AKM32D-ACMNC-00、AKM23D-ACM2C-00、AKM44E-SSCNR-04、AKM43H-ACD2GF00、AKM33H-GNC2R-00、AKM21E-ENMNDA00、AKM41E-ACCNR-00、AKM22E-BNMN2-00、AKM41E-EKCNR-00、AKM21E-ENMNEH-00、AKM21E-ENMNEH-00、AKM22E-ANBNR-00、AKM24D-ACBNR-00、AKM23C-BNGNAA-HG、AKM21E-ANMN2-00、AKM22G-ACBNEF-00、AKM42G-BKCN2-01、AKM24C-EFBNR-01、AKM33H-ANCN1-00、AKM33H-ANCN1-00、AKM44G-ANCNDB-01、AKM22E-ACBNR-01、AKM41H-ACCNR-00、AKM32D-GCCMOB-00、AKM24C-ACF2R-00、AKM22C-ACFNR-00、AKM22C-ACFNR-00、AKM24C-ACB2DB-00、AKM24C-ACB2DB-00、AKM54N-ACCNAB-00、AKM22E-ENBNR-01) EPROM (Erasable Progranmable Read Only Memory)。
这是一种可擦除的只读存储器在断电情况下存储器内的所有内容保持不变(在紫外线连续照射下可擦除存储器内容)3) EPROM (Electrical Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory)。
这是一种电可擦除的只读存储器使用编程器就能很容易地对其所存储的内容进行修改(2) PLC存储空间的分配虽然各种PLC的CPU的最大寻址空间各不相同，但是根据PLC的工作原理其存储空间一般包括以下三个区域:系统程序存储区、系统RAM存储。
区(包括I/O映像区和系统软设备等)、用户程序存储区1)系统程序存储区在系统程序存储区中存放着相当于计算机操作系统的系统程序，包括监控程序、管理程序、命令解释程序、功能子程序、系统诊断子程序等由制造厂商。
将其固化在EPROM中，用户不能直接存取它和硬件一起决定了 该PLC的性能2)系统RAM存储区系统RAM存储区包括I/O映像区以及各类软设备，如:逻辑线圈、数据寄存器、计时器、计数器、变址寄存器、累加器等存储器。
组态控制技术属于一种计算机控制技术它是利用计算机监控某种设备使其按照控制要求工作利用组态控制技术构成的计算机组态监控系统主要由被控对象、传感器、I/O接口、计算机及执行机构等部分组成本次实训是借助MCGS组态软件平台来完成组态监控系统人机界面制作和程序的设计的。
MCGS(Monitor and Control Generated System, 通用监控系统）组态软件是北京昆仑通态软件公司研发的基于Window平台的，用于快速构造和生成上位机监控系统的组态软件系统。
通过对现场数据的采集处理，以动画显示、报警处理、流程控制、报表输出等和多种方式向用户提供解决实际工程问题的开发平台由于是国人开发的软件，所以它是全中文的，很适合我们使用，还有它可提供近百种绘图工具和基本图符，快速构造图形界面，此外还提供上千个精美的图库元件及渐进色等多种
动画方式可以快速的构建精美的动画，它还支持温控曲、计划曲线、时实曲线、历史曲线、XY等多种工控曲线总之使用MCGS软件可以较快速的完成一个运行稳定、功能成熟、维护量小并且具备专业水准的计算机监控控制系统的开发工作。
下面我来介绍在使用MCGS组态软件来完成任务的详细过程及遇到的问题和解决的办法任务一 水泵运行控制打开MCGS通用版组态软件，我们会看见5个部分，分别为主控窗口、设备窗口、用户窗口、实时数据库和运行策略。
首先我们先新建一个工程，将其命名为水泵控制系统并进行保存然后打开用户窗口完成相关图符的建立，老师在建工程时先建立了实时数据库，是因为对图符的控制属性有较清楚的认识，所以对于初学者来说，先画图符是最先的选择。
（1）在用户窗口中新建一个窗口0，并将其重命名水泵运行控制，在动画窗口中用标签建立动画的标题“水泵控制”（2）绘制水泵在软件中，已经为我们提供了“对象原件库”我们可以在其中选择所要的原件，所以接下来添加一个“泵30”图符再确定，可以调节图符的大小，以至达到美观的效果
（3）在泵下面添加两个“按钮”分别将名称改为“启动”和“停止”也可以双击来改变按钮的背景颜色（4）因为要展示停止和启动时的状态所以再添加两个指示灯，为了更为清楚的展现启动和停止的状态，也可以自己改造一个指示灯，其改造方法为先用一个库提供的指示灯作为改造对象先分解单元在将最前面的图符拖走，将底层的图符分解图符再改变其颜色和添加一个“可见度”属性并在表达式里填入@开关量，然后再对另一只指示灯做相关属性的设置。
（5）为了显示时间我们再添加两个按钮分别为“定时器启动”和“定时器复位”再添加 两个标签分别为控制“计时时间”和“时间到”（6)添加四个输入框将其属性设置为数值型，（7）现在我们来进行实时数据库里相关数据的添加，分别为 水泵、启动、复位、定时器启动、定时器复位都是开关量，而“计时时间”和“时间到”为数值型。
(8)实时数据建立完成后，再进行用户窗口里图符的相关表达式的关联，由于要有时间控制所以在运行策略里我们要添加一个定时器，和一个脚本程序，在定时器属性里设置时间值为35秒，在脚本程序里用IF-THEN语句来编写控制程序。
记住要用EXIT来划分步骤，在最后要进入运行环境测试前，应调节循环策略的属性，将定时循环时间改为200s任务二 水泵运行监控、AKM22E-EFCNR-00、AKM64P-ANC2AB-01、AKM43G-ACCNR-00、AKM24D-BNCNC-01、AKM32D-ACCN2-01、AKM42J-EKC22-00、AKM21C-ANSNAB-02、AKM21C-ANBN2-00、AKM21C-ANBN2-00、AKM21C-ANBN2-00、AKM24D-ANCNDB-00、AKM24D-ANCNDB-00EPROM (Erasable Progranmable Read Only Memory)。
This is an erasable read-only storageAll contents in the memory remain unchanged when the device is powered off (the memory contents can be erased under continuous ultraviolet irradiation).
3) EPROM (Electrical Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory) This is an electrically erasableRead only memory except. The stored contents can be easily modified by using the programmer.。
(2) Allocation of PLC storage space. Although the maximum address space of the CPUs of various PLCs is different
According to the working principle of PLC, its storage space generally includes the following three areas: system program storage area and system RAM storage
Area (including I / O image area and system software equipment), user program storage area.1) System program storage area. A system program corresponding to the computer operating system is stored in the system program storage area,
Including monitoring program, management program, command interpretation program, function subprogram, system diagnosis subprogram, etc. By the manufacturer
It is solidified in EPROM and cannot be directly accessed by the user. It determines the performance of the PLC together with the hardware.
2) System RAM storage area. System RAM storage area includes I / O image area and various soft devices, such as logic
Coils, data registers, timers, counters, index registers, accumulators and other memories. Configuration control technology is a kind of computer control technology. It is to use the computer to monitor certain equipment to make it work according to the control requirements. The computer configuration monitoring system composed of configuration control technology is mainly composed of controlled objects, sensors, I / O interfaces, computers and actuators.
This training is based on the MCGS configuration software platform to complete the man-machine interface production and program design of the configuration monitoring system. MCGS (monitor and Control Generated System) configuration software is a configuration software system based on the window platform developed by Beijing Kunlun Tongtai Software Co., Ltd., which is used to quickly construct and generate the upper computer monitoring system. Through the collection and processing of on-site data, the development platform for solving practical engineering problems is provided to users by means of animation display, alarm processing, process control, report output, etc.
Because it is a software developed by Chinese people, it is all Chinese and very suitable for our use. In addition, it can provide nearly 100 kinds of drawing tools and basic symbols, quickly construct graphical interfaces, and also provide thousands of exquisite library elements and progressive colors
The animation mode can quickly build beautiful animation, and it also supports temperature control curve, plan curve, time real curve, history curve, XY and other industrial control curves. In short, MCGS software can quickly complete the development of a computer monitoring and control system with stable operation, mature function, small maintenance and professional level. Next, I will introduce the detailed process of using MCGS configuration software to complete the task, the problems encountered and the solutions.
Task 1: pump operation controlOpen the MCGS general configuration software, and we will see five parts, namely, main control window, equipment window, user window, real-time database and operation strategy.
First, we will create a new project, name it the pump control system and save it.Then open the user window to complete the establishment of relevant symbols. The teacher first established a real-time database when building the project, because he has a clear understanding of the control attributes of symbols, so for beginners, drawing symbols first is the first choice.
(1) Create a new window 0 in the user window, rename it to the pump operation control, and create an animated title "pump control" with a label in the animation window
(2) Draw pumpIn the software, we have been provided with an "object original library" in which we can select the original we want, so next, we add a "pump 30" icon and confirm it. The size of the icon can be adjusted to achieve a beautiful effect
(3) Add two "buttons" under the pump to change the name to "start" and "stop" respectively. You can also double-click to change the background color of the button.
(4) Two more indicator lights are added to show the status of stop and start. In order to show the status of start and stop more clearly, you can also transform an indicator light yourself. The transformation method is to first use the indicator light provided by a library as the transformation object, first decompose the unit, and then drag the first icon away, Break down the bottom icon, change its color, add a "visibility" attribute and fill in the expression with @ switch value, and then set the related attributes of the other indicator light.
(5) In order to display the time, we add two buttons, namely "timer start" and "timer reset", and add two labels, namely, to control "timer time" and "time to".
(6) Add four input boxes to set their attributes to numeric type,(7) Now lets add the relevant data in the real-time database. They are water pump, start, reset, timer start and timer reset. The "timer time" and "time to" are numeric.
(8) After the establishment of real-time data, we can associate the relevant expressions of the icons in the user window. Since there is time control, we need to add a timer and a script program in the operation strategy. Set the time value to 35 seconds in the timer attribute, and write the control program with the if-then statement in the script program. Remember to use exit to divide the steps. Before entering the running environment test, adjust the content of the cycle strategy and change the timing cycle time to 200s.
Task 2: water pump operation monitoring
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